The most productive conversations regarding complex, nuanced topics occur in spaces where students feel valued and respected1. Engendering these feelings in students does not happen immediately though, and is instead the result of processes in which students are engaged in developmentally appropriate ways to support productive conversations. Research has suggested four elements that encourage optimal social development.
Autonomy
Students want to maintain control over how they represent themselves as well as the choices they make. Therefore, it is important to present them with opportunities to have control over social decisions within the school context.
Belonging
At every grade students need to feel like they belong. While it is unrealistic to place teachers and administrators in the role of primary caregiver, educational stakeholders must work to make students feel connected.
Competence
It is important for students of all ages to feel competent in academic and social tasks. Providing them opportunities to feel successful, whether academically or socially, can go a long way in building a positive, encouraging classroom culture.
Fairness
Students are able to perceive at a very early age when things are unfair. Therefore, it is important that teachers are intentional in creating spaces free of bias, as it creates a space for students to feel the above-mentioned elements.
1Adapted from Nice is Not Enough (Nucci, 2008)